Infections

Perhaps the most serious conditions that can afflict athletes are the various infections caused by bacteria and viruses transmitted by skin-to-skin contact with other athletes or athletic equipment.

"Athletes are particularly susceptible to infections for a variety of reasons," said Dr. Adams. "Sweating softens and impairs the skin’s main barrier of the body, the stratum corneum. Athletic equipment obstructs the skin, thereby creating a warm and moist environment for microorganism growth. In addition, athletes often suffer from skin trauma such as cuts or scrapes, which facilitates the entry of microorganisms."

Types of bacteria, known as gram positive bacteria, can infect athletes and cause impetigo and folliculitis. Impetigo is a contagious skin condition characterized by yellow, crusted, well-defined lesions. Wrestlers, rugby players and football players are more at risk for developing impetigo because of the close skin-to-skin contact inherent to these sports.

"Infected athletes should be isolated if the lesion cannot be bandaged," said Dr. Adams. "In many states, wrestlers will not be able to compete unless a physician has made a specific note that the particular lesion is not contagious."

Acne Mechanica

Acne mechanica is a form of acne seen in athletes that is a result of heat, pressure, occlusion and friction. This type of acne usually occurs on areas of the body that are covered by protective gear, such as the shoulders, back and head. Tight clothing or equipment such as helmets and shoulder pads can result in acne mechanica in football and hockey players.

Although acne mechanica does not respond well to typical acne treatments, a keratolytic solution – such as one containing salicylic acid and resorcinol – applied directly to the rash can be effective.

"The best thing an athlete can do to help prevent acne mechanica is to shower immediately after practice or competition," explained Dr. Adams. "Wearing moisture-wicking clothing under a uniform or protective gear can also help."